September is prostate cancer awareness month, and the latest statistics of new cases have been released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
According to the latest statistics released by the CDC, new cases of prostate cancer and deaths from the disease have been steadily declining in recent years.
Screening for prostate cancer is improving, ask your doctor.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men of all ages. It is seen more often in African American men than in white men. And it's less common among Asian, Hispanic, Pacific Islander and Native American men than white men.
The CDC's latest figures from 2007 showed that 223,307 men developed the cancer, and 29,093 died from it.?New cases fell significantly fell by 2.4 percent annually between 2000 and 2006.
The number of prostate cancer deaths also declined substantially - 4.1 percent a year between 1994 and 2006.?The latest figures from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Facts & Figures 2011 estimate:
- 240,890 new cases
- 33,720 deaths
Medical experts are not in total agreement regarding screening for prostate cancer, so you'll want to discuss this with your doctor.
Brian Miles, M.D., a urologist with The Methodist Hospital in Houston, tells dailyRx recommends that men who have a family history of the disease begin yearly screening at age 40.
Men with no family history can start screening at age 50. This should be an annual screen for several years, according to Dr. Miles. If results are normal for both tests for three years, then screening can drop to every other year.
Dr. Miles says the most reliable testing involves both the PSA (prostate specific antigen) blood test and a digital rectal exam.
For more information about prostate cancer, please see resources below.
Prostate Cancer
Each year in the United States, over 200,000 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Unfortunately, 32,000 of them will succumb to the disease, making it the third most common cause of death from cancer in men of all ages and the most common cause of death from cancer in men over age 75. However, due to improved detection and treatment, there are over 2 million men in the United States who are currently prostate cancer survivors.
The prostate is a small, walnut sized organ in men that sits below the bladder and is responsible for making seminal fluid, which is necessary for ejaculation and fertility. Symptoms of prostate cancer closely resemble those of benign prostatic hypertrophy, with delayed or slowed initiation of urination, dribbling and leaking of urine, a slow urinary stream, and incomplete emptying of the bladder. Blood may be present in the urine or semen as well. Pain in the bones of the lower back and pelvis may be a sign that prostate cancer has spread.
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The biggest risk factors for prostate cancer are advancing age and prostate cancer in a first degree relative, such as a father or brother. African-American men are at greater risk as well. Other risk factors include alcohol abuse, a diet high in animal fat, and environmental exposures to Agent Orange, cadmium, paint fumes, farm work.
Because most of the symptoms of prostate cancer are clinically indistinguishable from BPH, further testing is often needed. In some cases, during a rectal exam, a doctor may be able to feel a hard, easily identifiable tumor through the rectum which aids diagnosis. In other cases, a rectal exam may not be able to differentiate between cancer and BPH. Concrete diagnosis is made by prostate biopsy, and the tissue is graded by a Gleason grade (1-5) to determine how abnormal the cancer is. Two different grades are often present in one biopsy, and the two samples are added together for a Gleason score (2-10) which further classifies how aggressive the cancer is. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), a protein found in the blood, may be elevated in some men that would prompt a doctor to check for prostate cancer, but it is usually not used as a sole screening method. It is better utilized as a marker of the return of cancer after treatment. The best thing a man can do to detect prostate cancer when it's in early stages and highly treatable is to have yearly rectal exams beginning at age 50, and age 40 if they have a diagnosed first degree relative.
Treatment methods are variable depending on how aggressive the cancer is and if it has spread. Early cancer contained within the walls of the prostate will usually be surgically removed by a radical prostatectomy. There is some risk of incontinence and erectile dysfunction as a result. Radiation therapy is also available for early stage cancer, in the form of implanted radioactive seeds or a focused beam. When prostate cancer has spread outside of the prostate, there is a wide array of chemotherapeutic and hormone therapy options. Prostate cancer is fueled by testosterone, so many hormonal treatments block the release of or prevent the action of it. Hormone therapy is mainly used when cancer has spread to help relieve symptoms, and there are two types. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones (LH-RH) agonists block the body from making testosterone. They are injected usually every 3 - 6 months and include leuprolide, goserelin, nafarelin, triptorelin, histrelin, buserelin, and degarelix. androgen-blocking drugs are often given along with the above drugs and include flutamide, bicalutamide, and nilutamide.
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Dr. Miles is board certified and specializes in the detection and surgical treatment of prostate cancer, GU oncology, prostate disease and renal (kidney) stones. His primary focus is in robotic surgery and has performed more than 1,000 robotic prostatectomies in addition to many robotic cystectomies and partial nephrectomies.
Source: http://www.dailyrx.com/news-article/prostate-cancer-incidence-reported-cdc-15224.html
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